Marginal pricing wholesale power markets could produce significant barriers for the energy transition, and on their own do not appear to be appropriate organisational structures for renewables-based power systems.

The energy sector lacks a standard definition of subsidies. This paper contributes to research on how subsidies are calculated – for fossil-fuels, renewables and the sector as a whole.

IRENA has analysed climate pledges under the Paris Agreement in relation to national energy plans and actual deployment trends. In many cases, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) have not kept up with recent, rapid growth in renewables.

This brief quantifies air pollution and climate change externalities related to fossil fuels, along with the extent these can be reduced with higher uptake of renewables.

In October 2015, the G20 adopted the “Toolkit of Voluntary Options for Renewable Energy Deployment”. This report summarises the results for the G20, identifies action areas for G20 policy makers and proposes the next steps of a “REmap G20 process”.

The report offers a comprehensive review of the status and trends in the region’s renewable energy development. It highlights Latin America’s wealth of knowledge, draws key lessons, and outlines findings to support the continued expansion of renewables for power generation, transport and other end-uses.

The historic Paris climate agreement, adopted by countries around the world in December 2015, aims to the rise of global temperature well below 2 degrees Celsius. Renewable energy will play a key role in this effort, which encompasses developing as well as developed countries, by increasing the supply of cheap and accessible energy in a less carbon-intensive manner.

Antigua and Barbuda possesses abundant renewable energy resources, including considerable solar, wind, biomass and ocean potential. This Renewables Readiness Assessment (RRA) presents a set of clear and practical steps for these islands to maximise renewables in the energy mix.

The report examines the specificities of mini-grids connected to solar, biomass, wind and small hydropower, or some combination of these with other energy sources, and discusses the key factors influencing investors in mini-grid projects.

Doubling renewables in the global energy mix by 2030 is not only feasible, but cheaper than not doing so. This second edition of IRENA’s global roadmap provides an in-depth perspective on the energy transition in 40 economies, representing 80% of global energy use. It offers concrete technology options and outlines solutions to accelerate renewable energy growth.

Mongolia can use its vast renewable energy resources to bolster energy security, reduce pollution, meet global climate commitments and develop regional electricity exports, finds this report prepared jointly by IRENA and Mongolian Ministry of Energy. Electricity output from the country’s solar and wind resources alone could reach 15,000 terawatt-hours per year.

Sustainable biofuels have an important role to play in Africa’s development. Sugarcane bioethanol is currently the most cost-effective commercial biofuel and has the highest energy balance.

This report explores potential for urban communities to scale-up renewables by 2030, based on estimated energy use 3,649 cities around the world. By highlighting the best practices, it examines the policies and technologies by which cities can bring about a renewable energy future.

The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) could reap multiple benefits from scaling up renewable energy use, including reducing water withdrawal by 11 trillion litres (or 16%) and saving 400 billion barrels of oil in the power sector, creating 2000, direct jobs and reducing the region’s per capita carbon footprint 8% by 2030.

The potential for widespread deployment of renewable energy technologies in the Arab region is considerable.

Biomass has an auspicious future in the world’s supply of renewable energy. REmap 2030, the global roadmap developed by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), foresees a major role for modern, sustainable biomass technologies in efforts to double the share of renewables in the energy mix.

The first edition of REthinking Energy, a flagship series from the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), examines challenges and opportunities for accelerated deployment of renewables in the power-generation sector, while reviewing global progress in the transition to a sustainable energy future.

The Pan-Arab Renewable Energy Strategy adopted in 2013 represents a consensus across the League of Arab States on pursuing a sustainable energy future. The strategy calls for large-scale development of the Arab region’s enormous renewable energy potential, including resources for renewable electricity generation, by the year 2030.

Substantial potential exists to expand both food and fuel supply in a sustainable fashion. This report examines sustainable paths for biofuel development.

High learning rates and rapid cost decreases for new technologies in recent years have combined with effective support policies to accelerate the spread of renewable energy around the world. However, this dynamism in the market creates new challenges for policy makers seeking to promote the long-term transition to renewable sources and technologies.

Energy emissions from industry and transport could be cut to zero by 2060 with pro-active policies and investments. Renewables will be crucial.

G20 countries can work together to step up renewable energy development and drive an accelerated global energy transition.

Sustainable bioenergy could even out solar and wind variability and replace fossil fuels for industry, transport and buildings.

本レポートでは2050 年までの気候変動に配慮した投資、エネルギー移行に必要な政策の枠組み、及び各地域が直面する課題に焦点を当てている。また、最終的に排出量をゼロにするための選択肢も探っています。