Acknowledgements, disclaimer and references

© IRENA 2025

Unless otherwise stated, material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printed and/or stored, provided that appropriate acknowledgement is given of IRENA as the source and copyright holder. Material in this publication that is attributed to third parties may be subject to separate terms of use and restrictions, and appropriate permissions from these third parties may need to be secured before any use of such material.

Citation: IRENA (2025), “Decarbonising hard-to-abate sectors with renewables: Enablers and recommendations”, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi.

Acknowledgements

This toolkit was developed by Gayathri Prakash, Deepti Siddhanti, Karan Kochhar, Arno van den Bos, James Walker and Jaidev Dhavle (IRENA) and by Carlos Ruiz and Luis Janeiro (ex-IRENA), under the guidance of Francisco Boshell (ex-IRENA). Valuable input was also provided by IRENA colleagues Patricia Wild, Jinlei Feng, Abdullah Fahad, Adrian Gonzalez and Zafar Samadov.

The toolkit also benefitted from the inputs and comments of external experts: Deger Saygin (OECD), Fabio Passaro (Mission Possible Partnership), Rene Severens (Future Cleantech Architects), Sarah Campbell (Climate Group) and Valentin Batteiger (Bauhaus Luftfahrt).

The report was copy edited by Emily Youers and a technical review was provided by Paul Komor. Editorial and communications support were provided by Francis Field, Stephanie Clarke and Daria Gazzola. The graphic design was provided by Nacho Sanz.

The toolkit uses information collected in the context of the Innovation for Renewable Energy Transitions (IFRET) project funded by the European Union.

For further information or to provide feedback: publications@irena.org.

This report is available at: www.irena.org/publications.

Disclaimer

This publication and the material herein are provided “as is”. All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENA to verify the reliability of the material in this publication. However, neither IRENA nor any of its officials, agents, data or other third-party content providers provides a warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, and they accept no responsibility or liability for any consequence of use of the publication or material herein.

The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of all Members of IRENA. The mention of specific companies or certain projects or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by IRENA in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of IRENA concerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.