Decarbonising hard-to-abate sectors with renewables: Enablers and recommendations

Heavy-duty trucks play a crucial role in the global economy. Since 2010, the volume of goods transported by this mode of transport has increased by over 30%, a similar increase to that of global gross domestic product.

Maritime transport is vital to the world’s economy, enabling international trade and commerce and facilitating the movement of goods and resources across the globe.

Aviation plays a vital role in connecting people, enabling global business, facilitating international trade and tourism, and providing a means of rapid transportation. The sector drives economic growth, shortens travel times and increases global interconnectedness.

Steel is an indispensable material in our modern world. Its strength, durability, versatility and recyclability make it suitable for a vast array of applications. It is widely used in buildings and infrastructure, equipment, vehicles domestic home appliances and many other areas.

Chemicals are crucial to our daily lives and are used in many industries, technologies and household products. Most emissions from the sector stem from a small number of these chemicals, particularly ammonia, methanol and steam cracking products (ethylene, propylene, butadiene and aromatics).

Cement has been indispensable in shaping the modern world, contributing significantly to the development of infrastructure for centuries. The combination of cement and aggregates produces a strong, durable and versatile material, making it indispensable for buildings, roads, bridges and other critical infrastructure.