Publications
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2024 Year in Review: Climate-driven Global Renewable Energy Resources and Energy Demand
ViewThis 2024 Year in Review, issued by the World Meteorological Organization in collaboration with IRENA, highlights growing impacts of climate extremes on clean power systems.
Energy transition English -
Renewable energy and jobs: Annual review 2025
ViewThis twelfth edition of IRENA’s Renewable energy and jobs: Annual review, produced in collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO), provides the latest data and estimates of renewable energy employment globally.
Energy transition, Socio-economic impact, Energy & jobs English -
Renewable energy auctions: Design for risk allocation
ViewThis report explores how auction design can allow for contractual arrangements where risks are shared more equitably, and where objectives beyond price and project realisation are also prioritised.
Energy transition, Renewable energy auctions, Policy English -
Local environmental effects and benefits of large-scale solar PV plants
ViewThis report addresses the benefits of large-scale solar photovoltaic plants for the local environment and biodiversity, and recommends actions to mitigate potential negative impacts.
Energy transition, Policy, Solar energy English -
Innovation landscape for sustainable development powered by renewables
ViewThis report identifies 40 innovations that policymakers can leverage to achieve resilient power systems that expand energy access and drive inclusive sustainable development.
Energy transition, Innovation English -
Flexibility for a secure and affordable power sector transformation
ViewThis report evaluates daily, weekly and monthly power system flexibility needs at the global and regional levels, and for different decarbonisation scenarios for the years 2030 and 2050.
Energy transition English -
Fostering a just energy transition: A framework for policy design
ViewThis report aims to contribute to a better understanding of the various visions for a just energy transition, and proposes a working definition that can serve as a foundation to inform policy making.
Energy transition, Policy English -
Energy transition assessment: Chad
ViewThis assessment, developed by IRENA in partnership with the Ministry of Water and Energy, presents key recommendations to advance and accelerate the energy transition in Chad.
Energy transition English
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Global landscape of energy transition finance 2025
ViewThis report is the fourth edition in the series, jointly produced by IRENA and the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI)
Energy transition, Finance & investment English -
A Call to Action: Developing Sustainable Capital Markets, Financing Energy Transitions, and Building Project Pipelines
ViewThis 6th edition of the UN ESCAP Financing for Development series, for which IRENA is a contributor, reviews sustainable debt capital markets, energy transition financing and green project pipelines in the Asia and the Pacific region.
Energy transition, Finance & investment English -
Investment opportunities for utility-scale solar and wind areas: Colombia zoning assessment
ViewThis report summarises IRENA analysis to identify favourable zones in Colombia for utility-scale solar PV and onshore wind projects, and their associated techno-economic parameters.
Energy transition, Finance & investment, Solar energy, Wind energy English -
Investment opportunities for utility-scale solar and wind areas: Georgia zoning assessment
ViewThis report summarises IRENA analysis to identify favourable zones in Georgia for utility-scale solar PV and onshore wind projects, and their associated techno-economic parameters.
Energy transition, Finance & investment, Solar energy, Wind energy English
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Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2024
ViewThe latest cost analysis from IRENA shows that renewables continued to represent the most cost-competitive source of new electricity generation in 2024.
Costs, Energy transition, Power Generation Costs English -
Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2023
ViewThe levelised cost of electricity produced from most forms of renewable power continued to fall year-on-year in 2023, with solar PV leading the cost reductions, followed by offshore wind.
Costs, Energy transition, Power Generation Costs English -
Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2022
ViewIRENA’s global renewable power generation costs study shows that the competitiveness of renewables continued to improve despite rising materials and equipment costs in 2022.
Costs, Energy transition, Power Generation Costs English -
Low-cost finance for the energy transition
ViewThis report identifies the pressing need for greater private sector engagement in the financing of energy transition projects, as well as closer public-private collaboration to sustain the net zero pathway.
Energy transition, Finance & investment, Costs, Technology English
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Renewable energy and jobs: Annual review 2025
ViewThis twelfth edition of IRENA’s Renewable energy and jobs: Annual review, produced in collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO), provides the latest data and estimates of renewable energy employment globally.
Energy transition, Socio-economic impact, Energy & jobs English -
Socio-economic impacts of the energy transition: Malaysia
ViewMalaysia is well-placed to achieve more equitable and resilient development by leveraging the benefits created by the energy transition.
Energy transition, Socio-economic impact English -
Socio-economic footprint of the energy transition: Southeast Asia (2nd edition)
ViewA successful energy transition in the ASEAN region must balance the imperatives of geo-economics, the demands of a just transition, and the promise of enhanced power interconnections.
Energy transition, Socio-economic impact English -
Renewable energy: A gender perspective (Second edition)
ViewThis second edition of the report, Renewable energy: A gender perspective, updates global figures and offers policy recommendations to strengthen gender equality across the energy transition.
Energy transition, Gender, Socio-economic impact English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Romanian, Russian, Spanish
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Enhancing resilience: Climate-proofing power infrastructure
ViewAs global reliance on power systems increases, this report highlights the need to enhance their resilience to climate change and extreme weather events.
Energy transition, Technology, Technology & infrastructure, Power sector transformation English -
Sodium-ion batteries: A technology brief
ViewThis report examines the technology and market outlook for sodium-ion batteries, and their potential to reshape the EV battery landscape.
Energy transition, Technology, Energy storage English -
Solar PV supply chains: Technical and ESG standards for market integration
ViewThis report reviews key quality infrastructure and ESG standards for solar PV supply, and represents IRENA’s contribution to the Transforming Solar Supply Chain initiative of the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM).
Energy transition, Technology English -
Low-cost finance for the energy transition
ViewThis report identifies the pressing need for greater private sector engagement in the financing of energy transition projects, as well as closer public-private collaboration to sustain the net zero pathway.
Energy transition, Finance & investment, Costs, Technology English
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2024 Year in Review: Climate-driven Global Renewable Energy Resources and Energy Demand
ViewThis 2024 Year in Review, issued by the World Meteorological Organization in collaboration with IRENA, highlights growing impacts of climate extremes on clean power systems.
Energy transition English -
Renewable energy and jobs: Annual review 2025
ViewThis twelfth edition of IRENA’s Renewable energy and jobs: Annual review, produced in collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO), provides the latest data and estimates of renewable energy employment globally.
Energy transition, Socio-economic impact, Energy & jobs English -
Renewable energy auctions: Design for risk allocation
ViewThis report explores how auction design can allow for contractual arrangements where risks are shared more equitably, and where objectives beyond price and project realisation are also prioritised.
Energy transition, Renewable energy auctions, Policy English -
Local environmental effects and benefits of large-scale solar PV plants
ViewThis report addresses the benefits of large-scale solar photovoltaic plants for the local environment and biodiversity, and recommends actions to mitigate potential negative impacts.
Energy transition, Policy, Solar energy English
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Renewable energy auctions: Design for risk allocation
ViewThis report explores how auction design can allow for contractual arrangements where risks are shared more equitably, and where objectives beyond price and project realisation are also prioritised.
Energy transition, Renewable energy auctions, Policy English -
Fostering a just energy transition: A framework for policy design
ViewThis report aims to contribute to a better understanding of the various visions for a just energy transition, and proposes a working definition that can serve as a foundation to inform policy making.
Energy transition, Policy English -
Local environmental effects and benefits of large-scale solar PV plants
ViewThis report addresses the benefits of large-scale solar photovoltaic plants for the local environment and biodiversity, and recommends actions to mitigate potential negative impacts.
Energy transition, Policy, Solar energy English -
The energy transition in Brazil
ViewThis report charts Brazil’s experience in the deployment of renewable energy as part of the country’s ongoing energy transition.
Energy transition, Policy English
Produced as a contribution to technical discussions and to disseminate new findings on relevant topics in the area of the author’s expertise, these papers do not represent IRENA’s official position or views on any topic.















































